一、端午节介绍
I. Introduction to the Dragon Boat Festival
中文名： 端午节
The Dragon Boat Festival
外文名： Dragon Boat Festival或Double Fifth Festival
Foreign name: Boat Festival Double or Fifth Festival Dragon
又称： 端阳节、午日节、五月节等
Also known as: duanyangjie, afternoon day festival, May festival etc.
时间： 农历五月初五日
Time: May in Chinese lunar calendar day
端午节为每年农历五月初五，又称端阳节、午日节、五月节等。端午节是中国汉族人民纪念屈原的传统节日，以围绕才华横溢、遗世独立的楚国大夫屈原而展开，传播至华夏各地，民俗文化共享，屈原之名人尽皆知，追怀华夏民族的高洁情怀。但有例外，东吴一带的端午节历来不纪念屈原，而是纪念五月五日被投入大江的伍子胥，且吴越地区以龙舟竞渡在此日举行部落图腾祭祀的习俗更是早于春秋很久。端午节有吃粽子，赛龙舟，挂菖蒲、蒿草、艾叶，薰苍术、白芷，喝雄黄酒的习俗。“端午节”为国家法定节假日之一，并被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。
The Dragon Boat Festival every May in Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Dragon Boat Festival, festival, festival May afternoon. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of the Chinese people to commemorate Qu Yuan, to surround the talented, aloof from the world of Qu yuali and expand and spread to all over China, folk culture sharing, Qu Yuan celebrity is known as, remember the Chinese noble feelings. But there are exceptions, Soochow in the vicinity of the Dragon Boat Festival never is in memory of Qu Yuan, but a memorial on the fifth of may be into the river of Wu and Wu Yue area to the dragon boat races in today held tribal totem worship custom is as early as in the spring and Autumn period for a long time. The Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, dragon boat race, hanging calamus, wormwood, Artemisia argyi, smoked herb, angelica, drink realgar Yellow Wine customs. The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the national holidays and is included in the world intangible cultural heritage..
二、端午节起源传说：纪念屈原
Two, the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival legend: commemorate Qu Yuan
传说端午节是为了纪念战国时代楚国诗人屈原，他在五月初五这天投汨罗江自尽殉国。屈平，字原，通常称为屈原，又自云名正则，号灵均，汉族，战国末期楚国丹阳(今湖北秭归)人，楚武王熊通之子屈瑕的后代。屈原虽忠事楚怀王，却屡遭排挤，怀王死后又因顷襄王听信谗言而被流放，最终投汨罗江而死。
Legend of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate the Warring States Chu poet Qu Yuan, in the fifth day of May he threw himself into the Miluo River. Peng Cheah, the word, often referred to as Qu Yuan and since the cloud a regular, on the Lingjun, Han nationality, at the end of the Warring States Chu Danyang (now Hubei Zigui), the king of Chu Xiong Tongzhi sub flexor blemish offspring. Although Qu Yuan Zhong things chuhuai Wang, but was excluded. Huai Wang died and because the king Qingxiang to listen to calumny and exiled, and ultimately voted Miluo River to die.
此说最早出自南朝梁代吴均《续齐谐记》和南朝宗懔《荆楚岁时记》。据说，屈原投汨罗江后，当地百姓闻讯马上划船捞救，一直行至洞庭湖，始终不见屈原的尸体。那时，恰逢雨天，湖面上的小舟一起汇集在岸边的亭子旁。当人们得知是为了打捞贤臣屈大夫时，再次冒雨出动，争相划进茫茫的洞庭湖。为了寄托哀思，人们荡舟江河之上，此后才逐渐发展成为龙舟竞赛。百姓们又怕江河里的鱼吃掉他的身体，就纷纷回家拿来米团投入江中，以免鱼虾糟蹋屈原的尸体，后来就成了吃粽子的习俗。看来，端午节吃粽子、赛龙舟与纪念屈原相关，有唐代文秀《端午》诗为证：“节分端午自谁言，万古传闻为屈原。堪笑楚江空渺渺，不能洗得直臣冤。”
That is the first from southern Liang Wu Jun "and the" Xu Qi Xie Ji Zong austere "age Jingchu". It is said that Qu Yuan Miluo River, local people fishing boat rescued immediately after hearing the news, has been to the Dongting Lake, still do not see Qu Yuan's body. At that time, coincides with the rainy days, the boat on the lake together in the pavilion near the shore. When people learned to salvage bowed doctor, out in the rain again, vast Dongting Lake. In their grief, people boating on the river, then gradually developed into the Dragon Boat race. People are afraid of the fish in the river to eat his body, to their home in ancient group into the river, lest fish waste of Qu Yuan's body, and later became the custom of eating zongzi. It seems that the Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, associated dragon boat race with the commemoration of Qu Yuan, Tang Wenxiu "Dragon Boat Festival" poem as evidence: "Dragon Boat Festival is from the who said, vancomycin rumors for Qu Yuan. Laughing Chujiang empty at all, can not be washed naoomi injustice."
三、端午节的食俗习惯
Three, the Dragon Boat Festival food habits
1.吃粽子
1 eat the rice dumplings
“粽子香，香厨房。艾叶香，香满堂。桃枝插在大门上，出门一望麦儿黄。这儿端阳，那儿端阳，处处都端阳。”这是旧时流行甚广的一首描写过端午节的民谣。总体上说，各地人民过端午节的习俗大同小异，而端午节吃粽子，古往今来，中国各地都一样。
"The rice dumplings, incense kitchen. Ai Yexiang, full of incense. Peach sticks inserted in the door, go out a look at wheat son yellow. Dragon Boat Festival here, where the Dragon Boat Festival, Dragon Boat Festival everywhere." This is the old popular song about the Dragon Boat Festival folk. On the whole, the local peoples of the Dragon Boat Festival customs are similar, and the Dragon Boat Festival, eating dumplings, through the ages, all over China are the same.
如今的粽子更是多种多样，璀璨纷呈。现今各地的粽子，一般都用箬壳包糯米，但内含的花色则根据各地特产和风俗而定，的有桂圆粽、肉粽、水晶粽、莲蓉粽、蜜饯粽、板栗粽、辣粽、酸菜粽、火腿粽、咸蛋粽等等。
Today's rice dumplings are a variety of bright and colorful. Today around the dumplings, Indocalamus crust package of glutinous rice, but contains patterns is based around the specialty and custom and and famous have longan dumplings, dumplings, crystal dumplings, lotus paste dumplings, candied rice dumplings, chestnut dumplings, hot dumplings and pickled cabbage dumplings, ham dumplings, salted egg dumplings and so.
2.饮雄黄酒
2 drinking male yellow wine
端午饮雄黄酒的习俗，从前在长江流域地区极为盛行。古语曾说 “饮了雄黄酒，病魔都远走”。雄黄是一种矿物质，俗称“鸡冠石”，其主要成分是硫化砷，并含有汞，有毒。一般饮用的雄黄酒，只是在白酒或自酿的黄酒里加入微量雄黄而成，无纯饮的。雄黄酒有杀菌驱虫解五毒的功效，中医还用来治皮肤病。在没有碘酒之类消毒剂的古代，用雄黄泡酒，可以祛毒解痒。未到喝酒年龄的小孩子，大人则给他们的额头、耳鼻、手足心等处涂抹上雄黄酒，意在消毒防病，虫豸不叮。
The custom of the Dragon Boat drinks the male yellow wine, formerly in the Yangtze River Basin area extremely popular. The old saying said "drink Yellow Wine male disease, have to flee". Realgar is a mineral, commonly known as "JIGUANSHI", its main ingredient is arsenic sulfide, and contain mercury, toxic. The general consumption of male Yellow Wine, only trace realgar added in liquor or brewed in a Yellow Wine, no pure drink. Male Yellow Wine bactericidal efficacy of Wudu insecticide solution, Chinese medicine is used to cure skin diseases. In the absence of such as iodine disinfectant with realgar wine, ancient times, can Qudu itching. Not to the drinking age children, adults to their forehead, ear, nose, hand foot heart apply realgar wine, intended to disease prevention and disinfection, insects do not bite.
3.吃五黄
3 eat five yellow
江浙一带有端午节吃“五黄”的习俗。五黄指黄瓜、黄鳝、黄鱼、咸鸭蛋黄、雄黄酒。此外浙北端午节还吃豆腐。
Jiangsu and Zhejiang with a Dragon Boat Festival to eat "five yellow" custom. A cucumber, eel, yellow croaker yellow, yellow Xian Yadan, male Yellow Wine. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival also eat tofu.
