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新概念英语第一册Lesson115~116语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
不定代词
(1)every(每一)，no(无)，any(若干)及some(一些)可与one，thing构成复合代词，与where构成复合副词。不定代词可作主语、宾语和表语。
A作主语：
这些代词作主语时都作单数看待，因此使用单数谓语动词。
Everyone is asleep.
大家都睡了。
Everything is untidy.
一切都乱糟糟的。
Nobody has told me about it.
没有人告诉过我有关这件事的情况。
B作宾语：
I've got nothing to wear.
我没有穿的衣服了。
I've heard nothing.
我没听到什么动静。
I saw no one.
我谁也没有看到。
C作表语：
There's nothing on the shelf.
架子上什么也没有。
There's somebody in the garden.
花园里有个人。
That's nothing.
那没什么。
(2)与some与any的用法一样，somebody/ someone/ something/ somewhere一般用于肯定句; anybody/ anyone/ anything/ anywhere用于疑问句与否定句;nothing/ nobody/ no one/ nowhere相当于 not anything/ anybody/ anyone/ anywhere:
Someone is asking to see you.
有人要求见你。
There's something under that chair!
那个椅子下有个什么东西!
I don't know anyone here.
这儿我谁也不认识。
Is there anything on this shelf?
这个架子上有什么东西吗?
I went nowhere.(=I didn't go anywhere.)
我哪儿也没去。
I saw no one.(=I didn't see anyone.)
我谁也没看到。
词汇学习 Word study
1.invite v.
(1)邀请：
We're inviting our colleagues to the party.
我们将邀请我们的同事参加这个聚会。
I hate people who invite themselves.
我讨厌不请自来的客人。
(2)请求;要求：
We invite readers' letters for this magazine.
本杂志欢迎读者来信。
The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience.
演讲者稍停了一下，似乎在期待听众们提出问题。
2.joke
(1)v.开玩笑：
She's only joking with you.
她只是在跟你开玩笑。
(2)v.取笑：
Aren't you joking me?
你不是在取笑我吧?
(3)n.玩笑;笑话：
The whole thing was a complete joke.
整件事完全是个笑话。
Don't get angry——it was only a joke!
别生气——那只是一个玩笑而已。
新概念英语第一册Lesson117~118语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
过去进行时
构成： be的过去式+现在分词。
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的情况或动作。过去进行时和一般过去时经常在同一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的情况或动作，一般过去时 则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。过去进行时的时间状语从句一般由when，while及(just)as等来引导，说明主句中动作发生时的背景。此外，可用 while或 at the time等强调同时进行的两种或几种动作。请看例句：
When I was doing the housework, my husband telephoned me from the office.
当我正在干家务时，我丈夫从办公室打电话给我。
While I was listening to the stereo, my mother came into the room.
我正在听立体声节目时，我母亲进房间了。
Just as she was cleaning her shoes, George knocked at the door.
她正在擦鞋时，乔治敲门了。
While I was cooking the dinner ,he was working in the garden.
我做饭时，他正在花园里劳作。
词汇学习 Word study
1.swallow v.
(1)吞下，咽下：
Tommy had swallowed the coins.
汤米把硬币吞下去了。
(2)抑制，使不流露：
I tried hard to swallow my doubts.
我强忍着不露出怀疑的神色。
She swallowed a smile and sat there still.
她忍住没笑，静静地坐在那里。
(3)吞并;侵吞：
Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year.
我们公司去年被一家美国公司吞并了。
Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War Ⅱ.
第二次世界大战中，纳粹德国几乎吞并了整个欧洲。
2.ring v.
(1)鸣响;发出清脆的响声：
When I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
我正开前门时，电话铃响了。
Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didn't ring at 7 o'clock as usual.
昨天早上，我的闹钟没像往常那样在7点钟闹。
(2)打电话;按铃：
You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didn't.
你说过你昨晚会给我打电话的，然而你并没有打。
Somebody is ringing the doorbell.
有人在按门铃。
新概念英语第一册Lesson119~120语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
过去完成时
构成： had +过去分词。
过去完成时主要用于表示两个事件中一个发生在前，或者说是表示较早的过去。常与现在完成时连用的副词，如 already(已经)， ever(曾经)，for +表示时间段的词，just(刚刚)和never(从未)也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序。有时我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示先发生的 事件，因为意思十分清楚，如：
After I finished ,I went home.
我做完后就回家了。
请看例句：
She went on holiday after she had taken the exam.
她考试后度假去了。
I ran to the platform quickly, but the train had already left.
我赶快跑到站台上，但是火车已经开走了。
We had had dinner before they arrived.
他们到达之前我们就已吃饭了。
The patient had died when the doctor arrived.
大夫到达时病人已经死了。
词汇学习 Word study
1.enter v.
(1)进入;穿入：
After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room.
他们进入了房子后，就去了餐厅。
The bullet entered his heart.
子弹射入了他的心脏。
(2)参加;加入：
Four students from our university entered the final contest.
我们大学的4名学生进入了竞赛的决赛。
He entered politics when he was 27.
他在27岁时步入了政界。
2.happen v.
(1)发生：
How did the accident happen?
事故是怎么发生的?
A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago.
一年之前，一件奇怪的事发生在我的一位朋友身上。
(2)碰巧，恰好(to)：
I happened to meet her on my way home.
在回家的路上，我碰巧遇见了她。
I happen to know that professor.
我正好认识那位教授。
