一、状语从句。在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。 1.原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导 Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its meritsfar outweigh demerits. 尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处 2.让步状语从句;常由although, though, even though/ if, as long 和as not withstanding引导 Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence thateducation can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导 Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one ofyour ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。 4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导 Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe thateducation is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导 Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy onstudying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable positionin job market.成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。 宾语从句 Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsiblefor the environmental pollution. 一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。 Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development ofmodern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。 同位语从句 Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomesincreasingly serious.环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实 Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for averageworkers to master thosehigh-technology skills easily. 没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。 定语从句 Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be muchdeion about violence, superstition, and sex.可以转换为Bad books, in which there might be much deion about violence,superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
