A.to have given oneself
B.to give yourself
C.for oneself to be given
D.for oneself to have
E.so that you had had
答案：B
解析：A选项中oneself使用不恰当，因为句子主语是you（二人称），另外，have given的使用也错，to have done表示已经发生的事情，语义不恰当。B选项to do做目的状语，正确。CD选项中oneself都使用错误。E选项中时态错误，had had是过去完成时，而这里have the opportunity应该是没有发生的事情。
2. The economist estimated that workers in our city spend an average of 40 minutes daily traveling to their jobs and 50 minutes returning home.
A.workers in our city spend
B.a work in our city who spends
C.they who work in our city spends
D.those who work in our city spending
E.our city’s workers having spent
答案：A
解析：that引导estimated的宾语从句，A选项spend time doing something是正确用法，A对。B选项没有主句，只有who引导的从句。C中they spends错误。D中缺谓语动词。E中也缺谓语动词。这里主句的estimated并不影响that从句的时态，因为没有逻辑关系。
3. Neuroscientists have gained new insights into how the brain works by adopting research methods used to study other elaborate systems, this ranges from computer chips to the stock market.
A.systems, this ranges from computer chips to
B.systems with a range from computer chips and
C.systems ranging from computer chips to
D.systems, it ranges over computer chips and
E.systems, they are ranging from computer chips to
答案：C
解析：逗号之前是完整句子，ADE选项run-on。B选项中from...and...错误。C正确，ranging from...to做后置定语，修饰systems，等于which range。
4. Most of the objects in the museum’s ceramics collections are porcelain pieces from Germany, although the collection also includes prices from Turkey, Korea, and Japanese ceramics are also represented.
A.and Japanese ceramics are also represented
B.as well as Japanese ceramics
C.and from Japan
D.and Japan
E.and also from Japan
答案：D
解析：三个国家平行，只能选D最简洁正确。Turkey, Korea, and Japanese。
5. Most states in the United States had enacted child labor laws by 1920, but not until 1938 when the Fair Labor Standards Act established a national minimum working age.
A.but not until 1938 when
B.but it was not until 1938 that
C.not until 1938 did
D.it was, however, not until 1938 that
E.and not until 1938 when
答案：B
解析：逗号之前是完整主句，所以CD选项run-on。A中将not until 1938提前，那么后面需要部分倒装，后面正确的表达应该是did the Fair Labor Standards Act establish a national minimum working age。B是it was not until 时间 that…的正确强调句使用方法。E与A错误一致，而且and应该改为but逻辑更通顺。
6. The largest hot desert in the world, the Sahara covers well over three million square miles, and eleven countries are spanned by it.
A.miles, and eleven countries are spanned by it
B.miles and spanning eleven countries
C.mile and spans eleven countries
D.mile, it spans eleven countries
E.mile, with eleven countries spanned by it
答案：C
解析：A选项表达不简洁，尽量遵循“主语主动一致”。B中and前后不平行，covers和spanning不能平行。C选项用covers和spans平行，简洁明了，C正确。D选项run-on。E选项表达不够简洁和直接。
7. Adopted in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol is what was the international agreement to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of industrialized nations over a five-year period.
A.is what was the international agreement
B.was when it was internationally agreed
C.was where the international agreement was
D.being internationally agreed
E.is the international agreement
答案：E
解析：主语是the Kyoto Protocol，BC选项语义错误。A选项中语序错误，从句中应该使用陈述句语气。D选项没有谓语动词。E正确。
8. During the 1990s, the number of factory outlet malls greatly increased in the United States, at which brand-name goods are sold at discount prices.
A.During the 1990s, the number of factory outlet malls greatly increased in the United States, at which brand-name goods are sold at discount prices.
B.Factory outlet mall in the United States greatly increased in number during the 1990s, at which brand-name goods are sold at discount prices.
C.Greatly increasing during the 1990s were the number of factory outlet malls in the United States, at which brand-name goods are sold at discount prices.
D.The number of factory outlet malls, at which brand-name goods are sold at discount prices, greatly increased in the United States during the 1990s.
E.In the United States, the number of factory outlet malls greatly increased during the 1990s, at which brand-name goods are sold at discount prices.
答案：D
解析：A选项中which指代the United States，语义明显不对。B选项中which指1990s，语义也不对，介词at使用错误。C选项是倒装句，主语是the number of，应该当单数看，不能用were。D中which指malls使用正确。E选项错误与B一样。
9. With an average depth of about 12,000 feet, the extremes of darkness, high pressure, and cold that characterize the deep sea could not be tolerated by shallow-water animals.
A.extremes of darkness, high pressure, and cold that characterize the deep sea
B.extremes of darkness, high pressure, and cold characterizing the deep sea
C.extremes of darkness, high pressure, and cold that are characteristic of the deep sea
D.deep sea is characterized by extremes of darkness, high pressure, and of being so cold that it
E.deep sea is characterized by extremes of darkness, high pressure, and cold that
答案：E
解析：逗号前的状语表明句子主语必须是sea而不能是extremes。ABC选项直接排除。D选项三者平行错误。只能选E。
10. Scientists investigating the effects of exercise compared the performance of active mice with sedentary mice on a memory test and found that the active mice did better.
A.the performance of active mice with sedentary mice on a memory test and found
B.the performance on a memory test of active mice with sedentary mice and it was found
C.the performances of active and sedentary mice on a memory test and found
D.how active and sedentary mice performed on a memory test, their finding was
E.active and sedentary mice on how they performed on a memory test, they found
答案：C
解析：主语是scientists，investigating the effects of exercise是后置定语做修饰成分。谓语从此compared。A中用performance于mice比较，比较内容不一致，A错。B错误与A一样，比较内容问题。C正确，比较的是两种mice的performances。D选项run-on。E选项run-on。
11. The Dracula orchids, aptly named because their modified leaves resemble flying bats, have central petals that look like small white mushrooms.
A.aptly named because their
B.aptly named because of their
C.aptly named because of having
D.named that because they have
E.named that because of their
答案：A
解析：注意到resemble这个动词，说明两个逗号之间应该是从句，所以BCE排除，因为because of是介词。A正确。D和E的that不能单独指代名词
12. Hailed as a remarkable technological advance, Hany Farid developed the software that measures the extent to which images in the media have been digitally altered.
A.Hany Farid developed the software that
B.Hany Farid had developed the software that
C.the software developed by Hany Farid
D.the software, Hany Farid developed it,
E.it was the software developed by Hany Farid that
答案：C
解析：hailed做状语，主语必须与hail是被动关系，那么主语只能是the software，被认为是最牛的科技进步，ABE直接排除，E虽然是强调句，但是句子主语还是it，was时态也错误。D选项run-on。C选项正确。
13. As a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1946, Eleanor Roosevelt and Andrey Vyshinsky debated the importance of free speech.
A.Eleanor Roosevelt and Andrey Vyshinsky debated
B.Eleanor Roosevelt and Andrey Vyshinsky debated over
C.Eleanor Roosevelt and Andrey Vyshinsky, they debated
D.Eleanor Roosevelt debated Andrey Vyshinsky over
E.Eleanor Roosevelt, who debated Andrey Vyshinsky over
答案：D
解析：注意到状语是as a delegate，所以句子主语只能是一个人，ABC直接排除。E选项没有主句，E错。D正确。
14. Some scientists believe that the species known as White’s tree frog is able to control the amount of water that is evaporated through their skin, enabling them to control their body temperature.
A.their skin, enabling them to control their body temperature
B.their skin, which enables them to control their body temperature
C.its skin, this enables it to control its body temperature
D.its skin and that its body temperature being controlled in this way
E.its skin and thus can control its body temperature
答案：E
解析：注意到青蛙用的是frog单数，所以AB错误。C选项两个主语而且this不能单独指名词做主语宾语。D选项and之后如果是that的话，那么之后应该是完整句子，而且being controlled表示正在被控制语义也不对。E是正确选项。
